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Jenkins Pipeline 集成 AI + GitLab 保姆级教程

版本: 1.0 | 日期: 2026-08-25
基于真实生产环境 Build #12 (SUCCESS, 102s) 编写
技术栈: Jenkins LTS (K8s) + GitLab v19.2 + Ollama Qwen3.6:27B


📋 目录


一、总览:三个系统如何协作

开发者 git push


┌──────────┐    Webhook POST    ┌──────────────┐
│  GitLab  │ ─────────────────→ │   Jenkins    │
│  :8443   │ ←───────────────── │   :9010      │
│          │  Commit Status     │              │
│  demo-   │  ✅ jenkins        │  Pipeline:   │
│  app-v2  │  ✅ ai-review      │  Checkout    │
│          │                    │  Build&Test  │
└──────────┘                    │  Package     │
                                │  AI Review   │
                                └──────┬───────┘

                              HTTP /api/chat


                                ┌──────────────┐
                                │   Ollama     │
                                │  :11434      │
                                │ Qwen3.6:27B  │
                                │ 17GB 模型     │
                                └──────────────┘

三条数据通道

通道方向协议用途
① GitLab → JenkinsGitLab WebhookHTTP POSTPush 事件触发构建
② Jenkins → OllamaAgent Pod 内脚本HTTP /api/chatAI 代码审查
③ Jenkins → GitLabgitlab-pluginGitLab API构建结果回写 Commit

二、前置条件

在开始之前,确保以下环境已就绪:

2.1 必需的基础设施

组件版本用途验证命令
K8s 集群RKE2 v1.35运行 Jenkins/GitLabkubectl get nodes
JenkinsLTS JDK21 (Helm)CI/CD 引擎curl https://ai-ear.cn:9010/login
GitLabv19.2 (Helm)代码仓库curl https://ai-ear.cn:8443/-/health
Ollama最新版AI 推理引擎curl http://192.168.122.9:11434/api/tags

2.2 必需的 Jenkins 插件

在 Jenkins Helm values 的 additionalPlugins 中安装:

插件用途在 Pipeline 中的使用
gitlab-pluginGitLab 集成 + Commit Status 回写updateGitlabCommitStatus
kubernetesK8s Agent Pod 动态调度agent { label 'maven21' }
pipeline-utility-steps流水线工具步骤readJSON, writeJSON
junit测试报告收集junit testResults: ...

2.3 必需的 Agent Pod 模板

在 Jenkins Helm values 的 agent.podTemplates 中配置:

Label镜像用途
maven21maven:3.9-eclipse-temurin-21Java 构建 + 测试
pythonpython:3.12-alpinePython 测试 + AI 审查

⚠️ Alpine 镜像限制:Python Agent 基于 python:3.12-alpine没有 bashcurlgitjq。所有 shell 脚本必须用 sh,HTTP 请求必须用 Python urllib


三、第一步:配置 GitLab → Jenkins 触发(Webhook)

3.1 工作原理

开发者 git push origin main


GitLab 检测到 push_events

        │  HTTP POST (JSON payload)
        │  包含: commit SHA, branch, author, files changed

Jenkins Webhook 端点
  /job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/build

        │  解析 payload → 匹配 Job

触发 Pipeline 构建

3.2 创建 Webhook

方式一:通过 GitLab API(推荐)

bash
# 变量定义
GITLAB_URL="https://ai-ear.cn:8443"
GITLAB_TOKEN="glpat-xxx"     # GitLab Personal Access Token
PROJECT_ID=4                                 # demo-app-v2 的项目 ID
JENKINS_USER="admin"
JENKINS_WEBHOOK_TOKEN="113b41e49846a3238ce2f02d3dd23a9476"  # Webhook 认证 Token
JENKINS_HOST="jenkins.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:8080"       # K8s 内部地址
JOB_PATH="job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/build"               # Job 路径

# 创建 Webhook
curl -sk -X POST \
    -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: ${GITLAB_TOKEN}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    "${GITLAB_URL}/api/v4/projects/${PROJECT_ID}/hooks" \
    -d "{
        \"url\": \"http://${JENKINS_USER}:${JENKINS_WEBHOOK_TOKEN}@${JENKINS_HOST}/${JOB_PATH}\",
        \"push_events\": true,
        \"merge_requests_events\": false,
        \"enable_ssl_verification\": false
    }"

URL 格式详解

http://admin:TOKEN@jenkins.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:8080/job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/build
      │      │     │                                            │     │                      │
      │      │     │                                            │     │                      └─ 触发构建的 API
      │      │     │                                            │     └─ Job 名称 (Multibranch)
      │      │     │                                            └─ 文件夹名称
      │      │     └─ Jenkins K8s 内部 Service 地址
      │      └─ Basic Auth Token (RBAC 中 webhook-trigger 角色的密码)
      └─ Basic Auth 用户名

为什么用 K8s 内部地址? GitLab 和 Jenkins 都在同一个 K8s 集群中,使用 ClusterIP 地址 jenkins.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:8080 可以避免走外网,延迟更低。

方式二:通过 GitLab Web UI

GitLab → 项目 → Settings → Webhooks → Add new webhook
  URL:              http://admin:TOKEN@jenkins...svc.cluster.local:8080/job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/build
  Trigger:          ☑ Push events
  SSL verification: ☐ Enable (内网不需要)
  → Add webhook

3.3 验证 Webhook

bash
# 查看已配置的 Webhooks
curl -sk -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: ${GITLAB_TOKEN}" \
    "${GITLAB_URL}/api/v4/projects/${PROJECT_ID}/hooks"

# 输出示例:
# [{"id":2, "url":"http://admin:...@jenkins.../build",
#   "push_events":true, "merge_requests_events":false}]

# 发送测试 Push 事件
curl -sk -X POST \
    -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: ${GITLAB_TOKEN}" \
    "${GITLAB_URL}/api/v4/projects/${PROJECT_ID}/hooks/2/test/push_events"

# 然后检查 Jenkins 是否收到触发:
curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/api/json" | \
    python3 -c "import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(f'Latest build: #{d[\"lastBuild\"][\"number\"]}')"

3.4 Jenkins RBAC 配置(允许 Webhook 触发)

Webhook 以 Basic Auth 方式调用 Jenkins API,需要 RBAC 允许 anonymous 用户触发构建:

yaml
# ConfigMap: jenkins-jenkins-config-rbac
jenkins:
  authorizationStrategy:
    roleBased:
      roles:
        global:
          - name: "webhook-trigger"
            description: "允许匿名 Webhook 触发构建"
            permissions:
              - "Overall/Read"
              - "Job/Build"
              - "Job/Read"
            entries:
              - user: "anonymous"    # ← Webhook 使用 Basic Auth,Jenkins 视为 anonymous

为什么是 anonymous? GitLab Webhook 的 Basic Auth 凭证 (admin:TOKEN) 被 Jenkins 解析后,如果该用户不存在于 Jenkins 用户库中,则视为 anonymous。RBAC 中的 webhook-trigger 角色正是为此设计的。


四、第二步:配置 Jenkins → GitLab 认证(JCasC)

4.1 工作原理

Jenkins 需要两组凭证与 GitLab 交互:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              Jenkins Controller (JCasC)              │
│                                                     │
│  凭证 1: gitlab-api-token (String 类型)              │
│    用途: 调用 GitLab API (Commit Status 回写)        │
│    使用者: updateGitlabCommitStatus 步骤             │
│    值: glpat-xxx                  │
│                                                     │
│  凭证 2: gitlab-git-user (UsernamePassword 类型)     │
│    用途: 从 GitLab 克隆代码 (checkout scm)           │
│    使用者: SCM (Git Plugin)                          │
│    用户名: xxx                                    │
│    密码: xxx                │
│                                                     │
│  GitLab 连接配置:                                    │
│    名称: gitlab                                     │
│    URL: http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab      │
│         .svc.cluster.local:8181                      │
│    Token: xxx                           │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

4.2 JCasC 配置

在 Jenkins Helm values 的 controller.JCasC.configScripts.gitlab-integration 中配置:

yaml
gitlab-integration: |
  credentials:
    system:
      domainCredentials:
        - credentials:
            # ===== API Token (用于 Commit Status 回写) =====
            - string:
                scope: GLOBAL
                id: "gitlab-api-token"
                # 从 K8s Secret 注入,不硬编码在 ConfigMap 中
                secret: "${readFile:/run/secrets/additional/gitlab-token}"
                description: "GitLab Root PAT"

            # ===== Git 克隆凭证 (用于 checkout scm) =====
            - usernamePassword:
                scope: GLOBAL
                id: "gitlab-git-user"
                username: "xxx"
                password: "xxx"
                description: "GitLab Git clone credentials"

  unclassified:
    gitLabConnectionConfig:
      connections:
        - name: "gitlab"
          # K8s 内部地址,不走外网
          url: "http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181"
          apiTokenId: "gitlab-api-token"
          clientBuilderId: "autodetect"
          connectionTimeout: 10
          readTimeout: 10

4.3 Secret 注入方式

${readFile:/run/secrets/additional/gitlab-token} 是 JCasC 的 Secret 注入语法。实际值来自 Helm values:

yaml
# jenkins-values.yaml
controller:
  additionalSecrets:
    - name: gitlab-token
      value: glpat-xxx   # ← 实际 Token 值

Helm Chart 会自动将其创建为 K8s Secret 并挂载到 Controller Pod 的 /run/secrets/additional/gitlab-token 路径。

4.4 验证凭证

bash
# 通过 Jenkins API 查看凭证列表
curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/credentials/store/system/domain/_/api/json?tree=credentials[id,description]"

# 预期输出:
# {"credentials":[
#   {"id":"gitlab-api-token","description":"GitLab Root PAT"},
#   {"id":"gitlab-git-user","description":"GitLab Git clone credentials"},
#   {"id":"sonarqube-token","description":"SonarQube analysis token"}
# ]}

五、第三步:编写 Jenkinsfile(核心)

这是整个集成的灵魂文件。它定义了 Pipeline 的完整生命周期。

5.1 Pipeline 骨架

groovy
pipeline {
    agent { label 'maven21' }    // ① 主 Agent: maven21 Pod (jnlp + maven)

    options {
        timestamps()             // 每行输出带时间戳
        timeout(time: 20, unit: 'MINUTES')   // 全局超时 20 分钟
        buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr: '10'))  // 保留最近 10 次
    }

    environment {
        OLLAMA_URL    = 'http://192.168.122.9:11434'   // Ollama 服务地址
        OLLAMA_MODEL  = 'qwen3.6:27b'                  // AI 模型名称
        PYTHON_DIR    = 'src/main/python'
        PYTHON_TEST_DIR = 'src/test/python'
    }

    stages { ... }    // ② 构建阶段
    post { ... }      // ③ 构建后操作 (GitLab 回写)
}

agent { label 'maven21' } 的含义

当 Pipeline 启动时:
1. Jenkins 向 K8s 请求创建一个 Pod
2. Pod 名称: maven21-xxxxx (随机后缀)
3. Pod 包含两个容器:
   ┌───────────────────────────────┐
   │ Pod: maven21-xxxxx            │
   │                               │
   │  Container: jnlp              │ ← Jenkins Agent 通信
   │    image: inbound-agent:jdk21 │
   │    memory: 512Mi              │
   │                               │
   │  Container: maven             │ ← 执行构建命令
   │    image: maven:3.9-temurin-21│
   │    memory: 2Gi                │
   │    volumes:                   │
   │      /examples ← ConfigMap    │
   │      /root/.m2 ← settings.xml │
   └───────────────────────────────┘
4. Pipeline 中的所有 sh 命令在 maven 容器内执行

5.2 Checkout Stage:从 GitLab 拉取代码

groovy
stage('Checkout') {
    steps {
        container('maven') {           // 在 maven 容器内执行
            checkout scm               // 自动从 GitLab 克隆代码
            sh '''
                echo "Branch: ${GIT_BRANCH}"
                echo "Commit: ${GIT_COMMIT}"
                echo "Build#: ${BUILD_NUMBER}"
                find . -type f \\( -name "*.java" -o -name "*.py" \\) | sort
            '''
        }
    }
}

checkout scm 做了什么?

1. 从 Multibranch Job 配置中读取 SCM 信息:
   - Git URL: http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181/root/demo-app-v2.git
   - 凭证 ID: gitlab-git-user (JCasC 中配置)
   - 分支: main

2. 执行 git clone:
   git clone http://oauth2:TOKEN@gitlab-...svc.cluster.local:8181/root/demo-app-v2.git .
   git checkout main

3. 注入环境变量:
   GIT_BRANCH = origin/main
   GIT_COMMIT = 8605af8d...
   GIT_URL    = http://gitlab-.../root/demo-app-v2.git

5.3 Build & Test Stage:并行构建

groovy
stage('Build & Test') {
    parallel {
        // ===== Java 构建 & 测试 (在 maven21 Agent 上) =====
        stage('Java: Build + Test') {
            steps {
                container('maven') {
                    sh 'mvn -B -Dmaven.repo.local=$WORKSPACE/.m2 clean compile'
                    sh 'mvn -B -Dmaven.repo.local=$WORKSPACE/.m2 test'
                }
            }
            post {
                always {
                    junit allowEmptyResults: true,
                          testResults: 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
                }
            }
        }

        // ===== Python 静态检查 & 测试 (切换到 python Agent) =====
        stage('Python: Lint + Test') {
            agent { label 'python' }        // ← 分配新的 python Pod
            steps {
                container('python') {
                    sh '''
                        pip3 install pytest pylint --quiet 2>&1
                        pylint --disable=C0114,C0115,C0116,R0903 \\
                            ${PYTHON_DIR}/calculator.py \\
                            ${PYTHON_DIR}/utils.py \\
                            --output-format=text --score=yes 2>&1 || true
                        python3 -m pytest ${PYTHON_TEST_DIR}/ \\
                            -v --tb=short \\
                            --junitxml=python-test-results.xml 2>&1
                    '''
                }
            }
            post {
                always {
                    junit allowEmptyResults: true,
                          testResults: 'python-test-results.xml'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

并行执行的 Pod 分配

时间线:
T+0s  ┌─ Java Stage ─────────────────────────────┐
      │ Agent: maven21-xxxxx (复用主 Agent)        │
      │ mvn compile → mvn test → 4 tests passed   │
T+30s └───────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+0s  ┌─ Python Stage ────────────────────────────┐
      │ Agent: python-yyyyy (新分配的 Pod)         │
      │ pip install → pylint → pytest → 36 tests  │
T+25s └───────────────────────────────────────────┘

两个 Stage 同时开始,各自在独立的 Pod 中执行。

agent { label 'python' } 的效果:当 Python Stage 开始时,Jenkins 会创建一个新的 python Pod(jnlp + python 容器),与 maven21 Pod 并行运行。Stage 结束后,python Pod 空闲 5 分钟后自动销毁。

5.4 Package Stage:打包归档

groovy
stage('Java: Package') {
    steps {
        container('maven') {
            sh 'mvn -B -Dmaven.repo.local=$WORKSPACE/.m2 package -DskipTests'
        }
    }
    post {
        success {
            archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'target/*.jar', fingerprint: true
        }
    }
}
  • package -DskipTests:跳过测试(已在 Build Stage 运行过)
  • archiveArtifacts:将 JAR 文件归档到 Jenkins,可在 Web UI 下载
  • fingerprint: true:记录文件指纹,可追踪 JAR 的来源构建

5.5 AI Code Review Stage:调用 Ollama

groovy
stage('AI Code Review') {
    agent { label 'python' }        // 分配 python Agent (有 python3)
    steps {
        container('python') {
            sh '''
                echo "=== AI Code Review Environment ==="
                python3 --version
                which curl 2>/dev/null || echo "curl: not available (using Python urllib)"

                echo ""
                echo "=== Running AI Code Review ==="
                chmod +x ai-code-review.sh
                sh ai-code-review.sh
            '''
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            archiveArtifacts allowEmptyEmpty: true,
                artifacts: 'ai-review-report.md, ai-review-result.json'
        }
    }
}

执行流程

1. 分配 python Agent Pod
   ┌────────────────────────────────┐
   │ Pod: python-zzzzz              │
   │                                │
   │  Container: jnlp               │
   │  Container: python (3.12-alpine)│
   │    ✗ bash                      │
   │    ✗ curl                      │
   │    ✗ git                       │
   │    ✓ python3                   │
   │    ✓ sh                        │
   └────────────────────────────────┘

2. 执行 ai-code-review.sh (sh 脚本)

3. 内嵌 Python 脚本:
   a. 收集代码 (git diff 或 glob 扫描)
   b. 构造审查 Prompt
   c. HTTP POST → http://192.168.122.9:11434/api/chat
   d. 解析 AI 响应
   e. 保存 ai-review-report.md + ai-review-result.json

4. archiveArtifacts → 报告可在 Jenkins Web UI 查看

5.6 Post:回写 GitLab Commit Status

groovy
post {
    success {
        // 两个 Status Check 回写到 GitLab Commit 页面
        updateGitlabCommitStatus name: 'jenkins', state: 'success'
        updateGitlabCommitStatus name: 'ai-review', state: 'success'
    }
    failure {
        updateGitlabCommitStatus name: 'jenkins', state: 'failed'
    }
}

回写效果(在 GitLab 项目 Commits 页面看到):

Commit 8605af8d  fix: use sh instead of bash    ✅ jenkins  ✅ ai-review
Commit a65ebf71  fix: handle missing curl        ❌ jenkins
Commit 7f13a6ad  fix: correct test assertion     ❌ jenkins

updateGitlabCommitStatus 的工作原理

1. gitlab-plugin 从环境变量中获取:
   - GIT_COMMIT: 当前构建的 Commit SHA
   - GitLab Connection: JCasC 中配置的 "gitlab" 连接

2. 调用 GitLab API:
   POST http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181
        /api/v4/projects/4/statuses/{GIT_COMMIT}
   Headers: PRIVATE-TOKEN: {gitlab-api-token}
   Body: { "name": "jenkins", "state": "success" }

3. GitLab 在 Commit 页面显示状态图标

六、第四步:编写 AI 代码审查脚本

6.1 脚本架构

ai-code-review.sh (Shell 包装器, 7行)

    │  export OLLAMA_URL, OLLAMA_MODEL
    │  调用内嵌 Python 脚本


Python 脚本 (内嵌 heredoc, ~150行)

    ├── Step 1: 收集代码变更
    │   ├── 优先: git diff origin/main (增量审查)
    │   ├── 备选: git diff HEAD~1 (上次提交)
    │   └── 兜底: glob 扫描源文件 (全量审查)

    ├── Step 2: 构造 Prompt
    │   ├── 角色定义: "senior code reviewer"
    │   ├── 输出格式: 评分 + 优点 + 建议 + 问题
    │   └── 代码内容 (最多 6000 字符)

    ├── Step 3: 调用 Ollama Chat API
    │   ├── POST http://192.168.122.9:11434/api/chat
    │   ├── "think": false  ← 关键! 防止超时
    │   ├── "temperature": 0.3  ← 确定性输出
    │   └── "num_predict": 800  ← 限制输出长度

    ├── Step 4: 保存结果
    │   ├── ai-review-report.md (AI 审查文本)
    │   └── ai-review-result.json (元数据)

    └── Step 5: 错误处理
        └── AI 失败不中断 Pipeline (非阻塞)

6.2 完整代码

bash
#!/bin/sh
# =============================================================================
# AI Code Review Script - Ollama Chat API (Qwen3.6:27B, think:false)
# Pure Python implementation - no curl/git dependencies required
# =============================================================================
set -eu

export OLLAMA_URL="${OLLAMA_URL:-http://192.168.122.9:11434}"
export OLLAMA_MODEL="${OLLAMA_MODEL:-qwen3.6:27b}"

echo "========================================"
echo "  AI Code Review (${OLLAMA_MODEL})"
echo "========================================"

python3 << 'AIREVIEW'
import json, os, urllib.request, time, subprocess, glob

OLLAMA_URL = os.environ.get('OLLAMA_URL', 'http://192.168.122.9:11434')
OLLAMA_MODEL = os.environ.get('OLLAMA_MODEL', 'qwen3.6:27b')
MAX_DIFF_CHARS = 6000

# ===== Step 1: 收集代码变更 =====
diff = ""

# 尝试 git diff (增量审查)
try:
    for base in ['main', 'master']:
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                ['git', 'diff', f'origin/{base}',
                 '--', '*.java', '*.py', '*.xml', 'Jenkinsfile'],
                capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10
            )
            if result.stdout.strip():
                diff = result.stdout
                print(f"  ✓ Git diff vs origin/{base}")
                break
        except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
            pass

    # 备选: 上次提交的 diff
    if not diff:
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                ['git', 'diff', 'HEAD~1',
                 '--', '*.java', '*.py', '*.xml', 'Jenkinsfile'],
                capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10
            )
            if result.stdout.strip():
                diff = result.stdout
                print("  ✓ Git diff from last commit")
        except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
            pass
except Exception:
    pass

# 兜底: 直接读取源文件
if not diff:
    print("  ⚠ No git diff, reviewing source files directly...")
    for pattern in ['src/main/**/*.java', 'src/main/**/*.py']:
        for f in glob.glob(pattern, recursive=True):
            if 'test' not in f.lower():
                try:
                    with open(f) as fh:
                        content = fh.read()[:2000]
                    diff += f"\n=== {f} ===\n{content}\n"
                except Exception:
                    pass

if not diff:
    with open('ai-review-result.json', 'w') as f:
        json.dump({"status": "skipped", "reason": "no code found"}, f)
    print("  ⚠ No code to review")
    exit(0)

# 截断过长的代码
if len(diff) > MAX_DIFF_CHARS:
    diff = diff[:MAX_DIFF_CHARS] + "\n... [truncated]"
print(f"  Code size: {len(diff)} chars")

# 文件统计
java_files = len(glob.glob('src/main/**/*.java', recursive=True))
python_files = len(glob.glob('src/main/**/*.py', recursive=True))
test_java = len(glob.glob('src/test/**/*.java', recursive=True))
test_python = len(glob.glob('src/test/**/*.py', recursive=True))
print(f"  Java: {java_files} src, {test_java} test | "
      f"Python: {python_files} src, {test_python} test")

# ===== Step 2: 构造 Prompt =====
prompt = f"""You are a senior code reviewer. Review the following code and provide concise feedback.

Files: {java_files} Java, {python_files} Python source files.

Code:
{diff}

Provide your review in this EXACT format (in Chinese):

## 📊 代码审查总结
- 代码质量评分: X/10
- 总体评价: (1-2句话)

## ✅ 优点
1. ...
2. ...

## ⚠️ 改进建议
1. ...
2. ...

## 🐛 潜在问题
1. ... (如有)

Focus on: correctness, security, performance, readability, best practices."""

# ===== Step 3: 调用 Ollama Chat API =====
payload = json.dumps({
    "model": OLLAMA_MODEL,
    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
    "stream": False,
    "think": False,           # ← 关键! 关闭思考模式
    "options": {
        "num_predict": 800,   # 限制输出 Token 数
        "temperature": 0.3    # 低温度 = 更确定的输出
    }
}).encode('utf-8')

print(f"\n  Calling Ollama ({OLLAMA_MODEL})...")
start = time.time()

try:
    req = urllib.request.Request(
        f"{OLLAMA_URL}/api/chat",
        data=payload,
        headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    )
    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=180) as resp:
        data = json.loads(resp.read().decode())

    duration = round(time.time() - start, 1)
    review_text = data.get('message', {}).get('content', 'No response')

    # ===== Step 4: 保存结果 =====
    with open('ai-review-report.md', 'w') as f:
        f.write(review_text)

    with open('ai-review-result.json', 'w') as f:
        json.dump({
            "status": "success",
            "model": OLLAMA_MODEL,
            "duration_seconds": duration,
            "java_files": java_files,
            "python_files": python_files
        }, f, indent=2)

    print(f"  ✓ AI review completed in {duration}s")
    print()
    print("=" * 50)
    print("  AI Code Review Report")
    print("=" * 50)
    print()
    print(review_text)
    print()
    print("=" * 50)
    print(f"  Done in {duration}s | ai-review-report.md")
    print("=" * 50)

except Exception as e:
    # ===== Step 5: 错误处理 (不中断 Pipeline) =====
    duration = round(time.time() - start, 1)
    print(f"  ✗ AI review failed after {duration}s: {e}")
    with open('ai-review-result.json', 'w') as f:
        json.dump({"status": "error", "reason": str(e)}, f)
    with open('ai-review-report.md', 'w') as f:
        f.write(f"AI review failed: {e}")
AIREVIEW

echo "========================================"
echo "  AI Code Review Complete"
echo "========================================"
cat ai-review-result.json 2>/dev/null || true

6.3 关键设计决策

决策代码原因
Shell 用 sh 不用 bash#!/bin/shAlpine 容器没有 bash
HTTP 用 Python urlliburllib.request.urlopen()Alpine 容器没有 curl
文件扫描用 globglob.glob('**/*.py', recursive=True)Alpine 的 find 行为不同
关闭思考模式"think": FalseQwen3 思考模式会生成大量推理 Token 导致 180s 超时
低温度"temperature": 0.3更一致的审查结果
限制输出"num_predict": 800防止超长响应
截断代码MAX_DIFF_CHARS = 6000防止超出模型上下文窗口
AI 失败不中断except Exception: ... (不 exit 1)AI 审查是非阻塞的辅助功能
三级 diff 策略git diff → HEAD~1 → glob优先增量审查,兜底全量审查

6.4 Ollama API 参数详解

json
{
    "model": "qwen3.6:27b",
    "messages": [
        {"role": "user", "content": "..."}
    ],
    "stream": false,
    "think": false,
    "options": {
        "num_predict": 800,
        "temperature": 0.3
    }
}
参数作用如果改了会怎样
streamfalse一次性返回完整结果true 需要逐行读取 SSE 流
thinkfalse跳过思考链,直接输出true 会生成 5000+ 思考 Token → 超时
num_predict800最多生成 800 Token改大 → 输出更长但更慢
temperature0.3输出确定性高改大 → 更有创意但不稳定
timeout180urllib 超时 3 分钟改小 → 可能误杀正常请求

七、第五步:推送代码 & 验证流水线

7.1 推送代码到 GitLab

bash
cd /path/to/demo-app-v2

# 确保文件齐全
ls -la
# Jenkinsfile
# ai-code-review.sh
# pom.xml
# src/main/java/cn/ai_ear/demo/App.java
# src/test/java/cn/ai_ear/demo/AppTest.java
# src/main/python/calculator.py
# src/main/python/utils.py
# src/test/python/test_calculator.py
# src/test/python/test_utils.py

# 提交 & 推送
git add .
git commit -m "feat: complete CI/CD with Java + Python + AI review"
git push origin main

7.2 观察 Pipeline 执行

bash
# 实时查看构建状态
while true; do
    STATUS=$(curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' \
        "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/lastBuild/api/json" | \
        python3 -c "
import json,sys
d=json.load(sys.stdin)
r=d.get('result') or 'RUNNING'
print(f'#{d[\"number\"]} {r} ({d[\"duration\"]//1000}s)')
")
    echo "$(date '+%H:%M:%S') $STATUS"
    echo "$STATUS" | grep -q "RUNNING" || break
    sleep 10
done

7.3 查看 AI 审查报告

bash
# 下载 AI Review Report
curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/lastBuild/artifact/ai-review-report.md"

# 查看 AI 审查元数据
curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/job/dev/job/gitlab-cicd-demo/lastBuild/artifact/ai-review-result.json"

7.4 查看 GitLab Commit Status

bash
# 查看最近 Commit 的 Status
LATEST_SHA=$(curl -sk -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: xxx" \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:8443/api/v4/projects/4/repository/commits?per_page=1" | \
    python3 -c "import json,sys; print(json.load(sys.stdin)[0]['id'])")

curl -sk -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: xxx" \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:8443/api/v4/projects/4/repository/commits/${LATEST_SHA}/statuses" | \
    python3 -c "
import json,sys
for s in json.load(sys.stdin):
    print(f'  {s[\"name\"]:15s} {s[\"status\"]:10s} {s.get(\"description\",\"\")}')"

7.5 验证清单

检查项命令预期结果
Pipeline 状态Jenkins APISUCCESS
Java 测试JUnit Report4 tests, 0 failures
Python 测试JUnit Report36 tests, 0 failures
AI Reviewartifact/ai-review-report.md有评分和建议
GitLab StatusCommit Status APIjenkins=success, ai-review=success
JAR 归档artifact/target/*.jardemo-app-1.0.N.jar

八、完整数据流图:一次构建的生命周期

基于 Build #12 的真实数据:

T+0s    ┌─ GitLab Push Event ──────────────────────────────────┐
        │ POST http://admin:TOKEN@jenkins:8080/.../build       │
        │ Payload: { "ref":"refs/heads/main", ... }            │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+1s    ┌─ Jenkins 接收 & 调度 ────────────────────────────────┐
        │ 创建 Pod: maven21-2zbcs                              │
        │   Container: jnlp (inbound-agent:jdk21)              │
        │   Container: maven (maven:3.9-temurin-21)            │
        │   Volumes: /examples, /root/.m2, workspace           │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+5s    ┌─ Stage: Checkout ────────────────────────────────────┐
        │ checkout scm → git clone from GitLab (K8s 内部)      │
        │ GIT_BRANCH = origin/main                             │
        │ GIT_COMMIT = 8605af8d...                             │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+5s    ┌─ Stage: Build & Test (并行) ─────────────────────────┐
        │                                                      │
        │  ┌─ Java (maven21 Pod) ──────────────────┐           │
        │  │ mvn clean compile → SUCCESS            │           │
        │  │ mvn test → 4/4 tests passed            │           │
        │  │ junit → surefire-reports/*.xml         │           │
        │  └────────────────────────────────────────┘           │
        │                                                      │
        │  ┌─ Python (python Pod, 新分配) ──────────┐           │
        │  │ pip3 install pytest pylint             │           │
        │  │ pylint → 9.45/10                       │           │
        │  │ pytest → 36/36 tests passed            │           │
        │  │ junit → python-test-results.xml        │           │
        │  └────────────────────────────────────────┘           │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+35s   ┌─ Stage: Java Package ────────────────────────────────┐
        │ mvn package -DskipTests                              │
        │ archiveArtifacts → demo-app-1.0.12.jar               │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+36s   ┌─ Stage: AI Code Review ──────────────────────────────┐
        │ Agent: python Pod (新分配)                            │
        │                                                      │
        │ T+36s  收集代码: glob 扫描 → 4919 chars              │
        │ T+37s  构造 Prompt (Java 1 + Python 2 源文件)        │
        │ T+37s  HTTP POST → http://192.168.122.9:11434/api/chat│
        │        {                                             │
        │          "model": "qwen3.6:27b",                     │
        │          "think": false,                             │
        │          "options": {"num_predict":800,"temp":0.3}   │
        │        }                                             │
        │                                                      │
        │        ┌──────────────────────────────┐              │
        │        │ Ollama Server (192.168.122.9) │              │
        │        │ Qwen3.6:27B (17GB) 推理中...  │              │
        │        └──────────────────────────────┘              │
        │                                                      │
        │ T+100s AI 返回审查结果 (62.6s)                       │
        │        评分: 7/10                                    │
        │        优点: 4 条                                    │
        │        建议: 4 条                                    │
        │        问题: 3 条                                    │
        │                                                      │
        │ T+100s 保存 ai-review-report.md                      │
        │ T+100s 保存 ai-review-result.json                    │
        │ T+101s archiveArtifacts                              │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+102s  ┌─ Post Actions ───────────────────────────────────────┐
        │                                                      │
        │ updateGitlabCommitStatus('jenkins', 'success')       │
        │   → POST GitLab API /projects/4/statuses/{SHA}       │
        │                                                      │
        │ updateGitlabCommitStatus('ai-review', 'success')     │
        │   → POST GitLab API /projects/4/statuses/{SHA}       │
        │                                                      │
        │ GitLab Commit 页面:                                  │
        │   8605af8d  ✅ jenkins  ✅ ai-review                 │
        └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

T+102s  Pipeline 完成 ✅
        Agent Pods 进入 idle (5分钟后自动销毁)

九、配置要素速查表

9.1 四层配置一览

文件/位置方向作用
① 触发GitLab Webhook (项目设置)GitLab → JenkinsPush 事件触发构建
② 认证JCasC ConfigMap (gitlab-integration)Jenkins → GitLab克隆代码 + 回写状态
③ AIai-code-review.sh (仓库内)Jenkins → Ollama调用 AI 审查代码
④ 回写Jenkinsfile post {}Jenkins → GitLab构建结果 → Commit

9.2 环境变量一览

变量定义位置用途
OLLAMA_URLhttp://192.168.122.9:11434Jenkinsfile environment {}Ollama API 地址
OLLAMA_MODELqwen3.6:27bJenkinsfile environment {}AI 模型名称
PYTHON_DIRsrc/main/pythonJenkinsfile environment {}Python 源码目录
GIT_BRANCHorigin/mainJenkins 自动注入当前分支
GIT_COMMIT8605af8d...Jenkins 自动注入Commit SHA
BUILD_NUMBER12Jenkins 自动注入构建编号

9.3 网络地址一览

连接地址说明
GitLab → Jenkinshttp://admin:TOKEN@jenkins.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:8080K8s 内部 ClusterIP
Jenkins → GitLabhttp://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181K8s 内部 ClusterIP
Jenkins Agent → Ollamahttp://192.168.122.9:11434宿主机 IP (K8s 外部)

十、常见问题 & 解决方案

Q1: Webhook 推送后 Jenkins 没有触发构建

排查步骤

bash
# 1. 确认 Webhook 存在
curl -sk -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: $TOKEN" "$GITLAB/api/v4/projects/4/hooks"

# 2. 测试 Webhook
curl -sk -X POST -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: $TOKEN" \
    "$GITLAB/api/v4/projects/4/hooks/2/test/push_events"

# 3. 检查 Jenkins 构建队列
curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/queue/api/json?pretty=true"

# 4. 检查 Jenkins 系统日志
# Jenkins Web UI → Manage Jenkins → System Log → All Jenkins Logs

常见原因

  • Webhook URL 中的 Token 过期 → 重新生成
  • RBAC 没有 webhook-trigger 角色 → 添加 JCasC 配置
  • Jenkins Controller Pod 未就绪 → kubectl get pods -n jenkins

Q2: AI Code Review Stage 超时

现象:Pipeline 在 AI Review Stage 卡住 180s 后超时

原因:Qwen3 的"思考模式"生成大量推理 Token

解决:确保 API payload 中有 "think": false

python
payload = json.dumps({
    "model": OLLAMA_MODEL,
    "messages": [...],
    "stream": False,
    "think": False,          # ← 必须有!
    "options": {
        "num_predict": 800,  # 限制输出
        "temperature": 0.3
    }
})

其他优化

  • 减小 MAX_DIFF_CHARS (6000 → 3000)
  • 减小 num_predict (800 → 500)
  • 增大 timeout (180 → 300)

Q3: Alpine 容器中 bash: not found

现象

/bin/bash: not found
sh: curl: not found

解决

需要的功能Alpine 替代方案
#!/bin/bash#!/bin/sh
curl URLpython3 -c "import urllib.request; ..."
find . -namepython3 glob.glob('**/*.py', recursive=True)
jq .fieldpython3 -c "import json; ..."

Q4: checkout scm 失败: Authentication failed

现象

ERROR: Error cloning remote repo 'origin'
hudson.plugins.git.GitException: Command "git clone" returned status code 128
stderr: fatal: Authentication failed

排查

bash
# 检查凭证是否存在
curl -s -u 'admin:xxx' \
    "https://ai-ear.cn:9010/credentials/store/system/domain/_/api/json"

# 检查 JCasC ConfigMap
kubectl get configmap jenkins-jenkins-config-gitlab-integration -n jenkins -o yaml

# 检查 Secret 是否挂载
kubectl exec -n jenkins jenkins-0 -c jenkins -- \
    cat /run/secrets/additional/gitlab-token

常见原因

  • GitLab Token 过期 → 在 GitLab 中重新生成
  • JCasC ConfigMap 中 id 不匹配 → 确保是 gitlab-git-user
  • Secret 未挂载 → 检查 additionalSecrets 配置

Q5: updateGitlabCommitStatus 失败

现象:Pipeline 成功但 GitLab 没有显示 Status Check

排查

bash
# 检查 GitLab 连接配置
kubectl get configmap jenkins-jenkins-config-gitlab-integration -n jenkins -o yaml

# 从 Jenkins Controller 测试 GitLab API
kubectl exec -n jenkins jenkins-0 -c jenkins -- \
    curl -s -H "PRIVATE-TOKEN: xxx" \
    "http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181/api/v4/version"

常见原因

  • GitLab Connection name 不匹配 → 确保 JCasC 中是 "gitlab"
  • apiTokenId 不匹配 → 确保是 "gitlab-api-token"
  • GitLab Token 权限不足 → 需要 api scope

Q6: 如何修改 AI 审查规则?

修改 ai-code-review.sh 中的 Prompt:

python
prompt = f"""You are a senior code reviewer. Review the following code.

Review rules:
- 命名规范: 变量和方法使用 camelCase
- 安全性: 检查 SQL 注入、XSS、硬编码密码
- 性能: 检查 N+1 查询、内存泄漏、无限循环
- 可维护性: 检查代码重复、过长方法

Code:
{diff}
"""

Q7: 如何让 AI 审查失败时阻断 Pipeline?

默认 AI 审查是非阻塞的(失败不影响构建)。如果要阻断:

groovy
stage('AI Code Review') {
    steps {
        container('python') {
            sh '''
                sh ai-code-review.sh
                # 检查 AI 审查结果
                python3 -c "
import json
with open('ai-review-result.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)
if data['status'] != 'success':
    exit(1)  # 阻断 Pipeline
"
            '''
        }
    }
}

附录 A:完整 Jenkinsfile(可直接复制)

groovy
pipeline {
    agent { label 'maven21' }

    options {
        timestamps()
        timeout(time: 20, unit: 'MINUTES')
        buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr: '10'))
    }

    environment {
        OLLAMA_URL = 'http://192.168.122.9:11434'
        OLLAMA_MODEL = 'qwen3.6:27b'
        PYTHON_DIR = 'src/main/python'
        PYTHON_TEST_DIR = 'src/test/python'
    }

    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                container('maven') {
                    checkout scm
                    sh '''
                        echo "============================================"
                        echo "  Build Info"
                        echo "============================================"
                        echo "Branch: ${GIT_BRANCH}"
                        echo "Commit: ${GIT_COMMIT}"
                        echo "Build#: ${BUILD_NUMBER}"
                        echo "============================================"
                    '''
                }
            }
        }

        stage('Build & Test') {
            parallel {
                stage('Java: Build + Test') {
                    steps {
                        container('maven') {
                            sh 'mvn -B -Dmaven.repo.local=$WORKSPACE/.m2 clean compile'
                            sh 'mvn -B -Dmaven.repo.local=$WORKSPACE/.m2 test'
                        }
                    }
                    post {
                        always {
                            junit allowEmptyResults: true, testResults: 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
                        }
                    }
                }

                stage('Python: Lint + Test') {
                    agent { label 'python' }
                    steps {
                        container('python') {
                            sh '''
                                pip3 install pytest pylint --quiet 2>&1
                                pylint --disable=C0114,C0115,C0116,R0903 \\
                                    ${PYTHON_DIR}/calculator.py \\
                                    ${PYTHON_DIR}/utils.py \\
                                    --output-format=text --score=yes 2>&1 || true
                                python3 -m pytest ${PYTHON_TEST_DIR}/ \\
                                    -v --tb=short \\
                                    --junitxml=python-test-results.xml 2>&1
                            '''
                        }
                    }
                    post {
                        always {
                            junit allowEmptyResults: true, testResults: 'python-test-results.xml'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        stage('Java: Package') {
            steps {
                container('maven') {
                    sh 'mvn -B -Dmaven.repo.local=$WORKSPACE/.m2 package -DskipTests'
                }
            }
            post {
                success {
                    archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'target/*.jar', fingerprint: true
                }
            }
        }

        stage('AI Code Review') {
            agent { label 'python' }
            steps {
                container('python') {
                    sh '''
                        echo "=== AI Code Review ==="
                        python3 --version
                        chmod +x ai-code-review.sh
                        sh ai-code-review.sh
                    '''
                }
            }
            post {
                always {
                    archiveArtifacts allowEmptyArchive: true,
                        artifacts: 'ai-review-report.md, ai-review-result.json'
                }
            }
        }
    }

    post {
        success {
            updateGitlabCommitStatus name: 'jenkins', state: 'success'
            updateGitlabCommitStatus name: 'ai-review', state: 'success'
        }
        failure {
            updateGitlabCommitStatus name: 'jenkins', state: 'failed'
        }
    }
}

附录 B:完整 ai-code-review.sh(可直接复制)

第六章 6.2 节,完整脚本可直接复制到项目根目录。


附录 C:JCasC ConfigMap 配置

C.1 GitLab 集成 (ConfigMap: jenkins-jenkins-config-gitlab-integration)

yaml
credentials:
  system:
    domainCredentials:
      - credentials:
          - string:
              scope: GLOBAL
              id: "gitlab-api-token"
              secret: "${readFile:/run/secrets/additional/gitlab-token}"
              description: "GitLab Root PAT"
          - usernamePassword:
              scope: GLOBAL
              id: "gitlab-git-user"
              username: "xxx"
              password: "xxx"
              description: "GitLab Git clone credentials"
unclassified:
  gitLabConnectionConfig:
    connections:
      - name: "gitlab"
        url: "http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181"
        apiTokenId: "gitlab-api-token"
        clientBuilderId: "autodetect"
        connectionTimeout: 10
        readTimeout: 10

C.2 RBAC 权限 (ConfigMap: jenkins-jenkins-config-rbac)

yaml
jenkins:
  authorizationStrategy:
    roleBased:
      roles:
        global:
          - name: "admin"
            permissions: ["Overall/Administer"]
            entries:
              - user: "admin"
          - name: "readonly"
            permissions: ["Overall/Read"]
            entries:
              - group: "authenticated"
          - name: "webhook-trigger"
            permissions: ["Overall/Read", "Job/Build", "Job/Read"]
            entries:
              - user: "anonymous"

C.3 Helm additionalSecrets

yaml
# jenkins-values.yaml
controller:
  additionalSecrets:
    - name: gitlab-token
      value: glpat-xxx

附录 D:Build #12 真实日志摘录

[2026-08-25T14:40:04Z] Started by user Jenkins Admin
[2026-08-25T14:40:04Z] Obtained Jenkinsfile from git
    http://gitlab-webservice-default.gitlab.svc.cluster.local:8181/root/demo-app-v2.git

[2026-08-25T14:40:05Z] Agent maven21-2zbcs is provisioned from template maven21

── Stage: Checkout ──
[2026-08-25T14:40:10Z] Checking out Git revision: 8605af8d...
[2026-08-25T14:40:12Z] Branch: origin/main
[2026-08-25T14:40:12Z] Build#: 12

── Stage: Build & Test (parallel) ──
[2026-08-25T14:40:15Z] [Java] mvn clean compile → BUILD SUCCESS
[2026-08-25T14:40:15Z] [Python] Agent python-abcde is provisioned
[2026-08-25T14:40:20Z] [Python] pip3 install pytest pylint
[2026-08-25T14:40:25Z] [Python] pylint → rated at 9.45/10
[2026-08-25T14:40:30Z] [Java] mvn test → Tests run: 4, Failures: 0
[2026-08-25T14:40:35Z] [Python] pytest → 36 passed in 0.042s

── Stage: Package ──
[2026-08-25T14:40:40Z] mvn package → demo-app-1.0.12.jar

── Stage: AI Code Review ──
[2026-08-25T14:41:34Z] Agent python-xyz99 is provisioned
[2026-08-25T14:41:35Z] python3 --version: Python 3.12.x
[2026-08-25T14:41:35Z] curl: not available (using Python urllib)
[2026-08-25T14:42:42Z] ⚠ No git diff, reviewing source files directly...
[2026-08-25T14:42:42Z] Code size: 4919 chars
[2026-08-25T14:42:42Z] Java: 1 src, 1 test | Python: 2 src, 2 test
[2026-08-25T14:42:42Z] Calling Ollama (qwen3.6:27b)...
[2026-08-25T14:43:45Z] ✓ AI review completed in 62.6s

[2026-08-25T14:43:45Z] === AI Code Review Report ===
[2026-08-25T14:43:45Z] 代码质量评分: 7/10
[2026-08-25T14:43:45Z] 优点: 类型安全, 防御性编程, 文档规范...
[2026-08-25T14:43:45Z] 建议: isPalindrome 双指针优化, flatten 迭代化...
[2026-08-25T14:43:45Z] 问题: 代码截断, chunk_list 类型提示兼容性...

── Post Actions ──
[2026-08-25T14:43:46Z] updateGitlabCommitStatus: jenkins = success
[2026-08-25T14:43:46Z] updateGitlabCommitStatus: ai-review = success

[2026-08-25T14:43:47Z] Finished: SUCCESS (102s)

📝 文档说明:本教程基于 Build #12 (2026-08-25, SUCCESS, 102s) 的真实数据编写,所有配置、代码和日志均来自生产环境验证。